* বর্তমানকালে কোনো কাজ বা ঘটনা চলছে বা ঘটছে বুঝালে বাক্যটির Present continuous tense হয়। এক্ষেত্রে বাক্যে সাধারণত now, at present, at this moment, day by day ইত্যাদি উল্লেখ থাকে।
Examples:
i. Boys (play) cricket in the field now.
Ans. Boys are playing cricket in the field now.
ii. He (reads) the book at this moment.
Ans. He is reading the book at this moment.
ili. At present, he (to do) the sums.
Ans. At present, he is doing the sums.
iv. Day by day, we (to do) our national resources.
Ans. Day by day, we are losing our national resources.
* কোনো বাক্যে Infinitive এর পূর্বে ‘go’ verb থাকলে বাক্যটির present continuous tense হয়।
Examples:
i.The managing director (go) to open a new branch.
Ans. The managing director is going to open a new branch.
He (go) to start a new business.
Ans. He is going to start a new business.
* সাময়িক কোনো কাজ বা ঘটনা বর্ণনা করতে verb এর present continuous tense হয়। এক্ষেত্রে কাজ বা ঘটনাটি অতীতে শুরু
হয়ে এখনও চলছে এবং ভবিষ্যতে কিছু দিন/ সময় চলতে পারে।
Examples:
i. Kamal (read) a novel.
Ans. Kamal is reading a novel.
ii. He (stay) with his uncle in Chattogram.
Ans. He is staying with his uncle in Chattogram.
Past Continuous Tense
* অতীতকালে কোনো কাজ চলছিল বা ঘটছিল এরূপ বুঝালে verb-এর Past continuous tense হয়। এক্ষেত্রে বাক্যে then, at that moment, ইত্যাদি উল্লেখ থাকতে পারে।
Examples:
i. Then I (write) a letter.
Ans. Then I was writing a letter.
ii. At that time, I (to sleep) in my room.
Ans. At that time, I was sleeping in my room.
iii. Then they (gossip) under a tree.
Ans. Then they were gossiping under a tree.
iv. At that moment, they (quarrel).
Ans. At that moment, they were quarreling.
Present Perfect Tense
কোন বাক্যে just, just now, ever, never, yet, not yet, still, already, lately, recently, ইত্যাদি word বাক্যটির present perfect tense হয়। এক্ষেত্রে have/ has এর পরে উল্লিখিত শব্দসমূহ বসে ।
Examples:
i. You – (see) her recently.
Ans. You have seen her recently.
ii. I just – (have) my breakfast now.
Ans. I have just had my breakfast now.
* কোনো কাজ সম্পূর্ণ করতে যে সময়ের উল্লেখ করা হয়েছে তা এখনো শেষ হয়নি এরূপ বুঝালে Verb-এর Present Perfect tense হয়। এক্ষেত্রে বাক্যে সাধারণত A today, this week/month/year/ season থাকে।
Examples:
i. Rupa (to pass) the J.S.C Exam this year.
Ans. Rupa has passed the J.S.C Exam this year.
ii. Today we (to visit) the National Museum.
Ans. Today we have visited the National Museum.
iii. He (to meet) her today.
Ans. He has met her today.
* Since, as, because, when, before, after, as soon as, till, until ইত্যাদি সময় নির্দেশক Conjunction দ্বারা যুক্ত বাক্যের Principal clause-টি Present Indefinite/ Future Indefinite/ Imperative sentence এর হলে অন্য Clause-টির Present Perfect Tense হয়।
Examples:
i. He will inform me when he (to reach) home.
Ans. He will inform me when he has reached home.
ii. Don’t come until I (to finish) my meal.
Ans. Don’t come until I have finished my meal.
* Since + ‘clause of time’ বা Since + ‘phrase of time’ এর পরের clause টি সব সময় present perfect tense-এ হয়।
Examples:
i. Since then I (not take) any cigarettes.
Since ‘phrase of time’
Ans. Since then I have not taken any cigarette.
ii. Since she came, (be) have been happy.
Since ‘clause of time’
Ans. Since she came, we have been happy.
Present Perfect Continuous Tense
39. কোনো কাজ অতীতে কোনো এক সময়ে শুরু হয়েছে এবং বর্তমান সময় পর্যন্ত চলছে এরূপ বুঝালে verb-এর Present Perfect continuous tense হয়। এক্ষেত্রে Point of time বুঝাতে Since এবং Period of time বুঝাতে for বসে।
Examples:
i. We (to read) at Dhaka Model School for two years.
Ans. We have been reading at Dhaka Model School for two years.
ii. She (be) ill for a week.
Ans. She has been ill for a week.
iii. I (be) here for twelve years.
Ans. I have been here for twelve years.
iv. It (to rain) since morning..
Ans. It has been raining since morning.
কোনো বাক্যে ‘since বা ‘for’ preposition হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হলে এবং কাজটি বর্তমান কাল পর্যন্ত হওয়া বুঝালে বাক্যটির present perfect tense/ present perfect continuous tense হয়। এক্ষেত্রে ‘be’ verb এর পরিবর্তে have been/ has been বসে কিন্তু মূল ‘verb’ অর্থে have been / has been + V + ing বসে ।
Examples:
i. It (be) raining since morning.
Ans. It has been raining since morning.
ii. She (live) here for 5 years.
Ans. She has been living here for 5 years.